سوکال (واژه سومری)

سوکال (به شکل سنتی ترجمه‌شده از سومری به عنوان «وزیر») اصطلاحی بود که می‌توانست هم گونه‌ای از صاحب‌منصب و هم طبقه‌ای از خدایان را در خاور نزدیک باستان نشان دهد.^[۱]^[۲]^[۳]

منصب سوکال

واژه سوکال (اکدی: sukkallu) ریشه سومری دارد و در ابتدا به طبقه‌ای از مقام‌های انسانی اشاره می‌کرد^[۱] که مسوول اجرای دستورهای پادشاه بودند.^[۲] ترجمه‌های موجود در ادبیات عبارتند از: «وزیر»،^[۴] «منشی»^[۵] و «صدراعظم».^[۲] تونیا شارلاخ یادآوری می‌کند که «وزیر» را ترجمه استاندارد امروزی در نظر می‌گیرند.^[۶]

سوکال در جایگاه گونه‌ای از خداییان

در دین‌های بین‌النهرین برخی از خداییان سوکال نامیده می‌شدند و کارکرد همتای الهیِ مقام‌های انسانی را بر عهده داشتند.^[۳]

پانویس

1 2 Sharlach 2005, p. 18.
1 2 3 Wiggermann 1987, p. 16.
1 2 Hundley 2013, p. 91.
↑ Wiggermann 1998c, p. 492.
↑ Sharlach 2005, p. 23.
↑ Sharlach 2017, p. 49.

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[FOOTNOTESharlach200518-1] 1 2 Sharlach 2005, p. 18.

[FOOTNOTEWiggermann198716-2] 1 2 3 Wiggermann 1987, p. 16.

[FOOTNOTEHundley201391-3] 1 2 Hundley 2013, p. 91.

[FOOTNOTEWiggermann1998c492-4] Wiggermann 1998c, p. 492.

[FOOTNOTESharlach200523-5] Sharlach 2005, p. 23.

[FOOTNOTESharlach201749-6] Sharlach 2017, p. 49.

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اسطوره‌های سومری
موجودات ازلی	آبزو آن انمشارا کی نامو
ایزدان اصلی	انکی انلیل اینانا نانا نینهورساگ اوتو
دیگر ایزدهای مهم	آنوناکی دموزی ارشکیگال گوگالانا نرگال نیسابا نین‌گال نین‌لیل نینشوبور نینورتا نوسکا
ایزدان فرعی	گشتینانا هوشبیشاگ ایسیمود نامتار نتی نینکاسی اوتتو
دیوها، ارواح، هیولاها	آساگ آنزو گالو هوواوا اوتوکو
قهرمانان میرا	انکیدو انمرکار اتن گیلگمش لوگالباندا زیوسودرا