نوربیت (مدار منطقی)

قطعه TU60 (مدار زمان‌سنج) از سری ۶۰ خانواده نوربیت ۲ درمقایسه با مدار مجتمع سیماس

در الکترونیک، خانواده ماژول‌های نُوربیت (به انگلیسی: NORBIT) شکل بسیار اولیه (از سال ۱۹۶۰[۱][۲][۳][۴][۵]) از منطق دیجیتال است که توسط فیلیپس (و همچنین از طریق Valvo و مالرد[۶][۷]) توسعه یافته است که از ماژول‌های حاوی اجزای گسسته برای ساخت بلوک‌های تابع منطقی در منطق مقاومت-ترانزیستور (RTL)[۸][۴] یا فناوری منطق دیود-ترانزیستور (DTL) استفاده می‌کند.

هر تابع منطقی موجود با رنگ ظرف پلاستیکی، سیاه، آبی، قرمز، سبز، بنفش و غیره قابل تشخیص بود. مهم‌ترین بلوک مداری حاوی یک دروازه NOR (از این رو نام آن است) بود، اما بلوک‌هایی نیز وجود داشتند که شامل راه‌اندازها و یک مدار تایمر (زمان‌سنج) شبیه به آی‌سی تایمر ۵۵۵ اخیر بودند.[۸][۹][۱۰]

نگارخانه

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

  1. ↑ "Guide to Circuit Blocks (Combi-Elements) and their use in Digital Systems and Equipment - Part IV" (PDF). Sub-Assemblies Bulletin. Manor Royal Crawley, Sussex, England: Mullard Equipment Limited (9). November 1962 [May 1960]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-20. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
  2. ↑ "Prefabricated Electronic Bricks" (PDF). Wireless World. Technical Notebook. 66 (8): 374. August 1960. Retrieved 2018-06-20. […] ready-assembled circuit modules can cut down development time spent on a control-engineering or data processing problem by eliminating the work of designing individual circuits. A particular range made by Mullard are slim colour-coded plastics "boxes" of guaranteed performance specifications covering the commonly used circuit functions. Typical units are AND/OR gates, timing and relay-operating circuits called "Norbits" (for control purposes) and flip-flop, pulse shaper and inverter-amplifier stages called Combi elements (for digital circuits). By giving only a performance specification the manufacturers can take advantage of advances in techniques (for instance, complete solid-state circuits) without, at the same time, rendering obsolete existing apparatus. Transistors are used throughout, so that battery operation is reasonably economical, and the modules are designed to connect together compatibly in a manner suited to their functions. Norbits have long, flexible flying leads for use with terminal blocks while Combi-elements have short, stiff tinned wires suitable for fitting into printed wiring boards. […]
  3. ↑ "INTERKAMA 1960 - Dusseldorf Exhibition of Automation and Instruments" (PDF). Wireless World. 66 (12): 588–589. December 1960. Retrieved 2018-06-18. […] Another point noticed was the widespread use of small-package solid-state logic (such as "and," "or," "not") and instrumentation (timers, amplifiers, etc.) units. There would seem to be a good case here for the various manufacturers to standardise practical details such as mounting, connections and power supplies so that a Siemens "Simatic," say, is directly interchangeable with an Ateliers des Constructions Electronique de Charleroi " Logacec ," a Telefunken "Logistat," or a Mullard "Norbit" or "Combi-element." […]
  4. 1 2 Norbit Sub-Assemblies YL 6000 Series (PDF). Norbit Handbook (2 ed.). Mullard Equipment Limited. February 1962. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-20. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
  5. ↑ "les relais statiques Norbit". Revue MBLE (به فرانسوی). Brussels, Belgium: Philips Research Laboratory, Manufacture Belge de Lampes et de Materiel Electronique (MBLE Research Laboratory). September 1962. Archived from the original on 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  6. ↑ "Judicial Greffe - Trademarks Database - Individual Record - NORBITS - TM 2671 - Mullard Limited". 2003-03-26 [1967-06-27]. Archived from the original on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
  7. ↑ "Judicial Greffe - Trademarks Database - Individual Record - NORBIT - TM 2672 - Mullard Limited". 2003-03-26 [1967-06-27]. Archived from the original on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
  8. 1 2 Pistorius, Arthur (September 2007). "Retronics - Philips 60-series NORbits (1968)". Elektor Electronics. 2007 (9): 76. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
  9. ↑ Wylie, Andrew (2009). "Packaged circuits". Archived from the original on 2018-06-18. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  10. ↑ "Schakelen met de 60-serie NORBITs" (به هلندی). Philips. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2021. (NB. Green cover.)
  11. Schakelen met NORBITs (به هلندی). Philips. (NB. Brown cover.)
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  17. Estacord - Das universelle Bausteinsystem für kontaktlose Steuerungen (Catalog) (به آلمانی). Herxheim/Pfalz, Germany: Akkord-Radio GmbH.
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  20. Semiconductors - Part 5 - Field-effect transistors (PDF). Electronic components and materials (Elcoma) - Philips Data Handbook. Philips. October 1980. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2018-06-19. […] COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS (GREEN SERIES) […] Part 1 - July 1979 - CM107-79 - Assemblies for industrial use PLC modules, high noise immunity logic FZ/30 series, NORbits 60-series, 61-series, 90-series, input devices, hybrid integrated circuits, peripheral devices […]
  21. NORBIT 2 - Low Priced Static Switches. Philips. 1967.
  22. Philips Nederland n.v. (June 1967). "Kijk: Norbit 2 is er! Statisch schakelen is nu óók goedkoop schakelen" (PDF). Elektuur (Advertisement) (به هلندی). Eindhoven, Netherlands (54): 604.
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  27. Dokter, Folkert; Steinhauer, Jürgen (1973-06-18). "6.5. Digital modules with discrete components". Digital Electronics. Philips Technical Library (PTL) / Macmillan Education (Reprint of 1st English ed.). Eindhoven, Netherlands: The Macmillan Press Ltd. / N. V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken. pp. 226, 232. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-01417-0. ISBN 978-1-349-01419-4. SBN 333-13360-9. Retrieved 2018-07-01. (270 pages) (NB. This is based on a translation of volume I of the two-volume German edition.)
  28. Rosielle, C. (May 1968). Deerson, Jonathan (ed.). Control system design manual for 60-series NORbits: A Guide to the application of electronic logic circuits in industry. Philips Application Book (1 ed.). Eindhoven, Netherlands: N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Electronic Components and Materials Division (Elcoma), Technical Publications Department. 9399 263 016 01. (233+8 pages) (NB. There exists a fourth edition from 1974 as well.)[۱۲][۵][۱۳][۱۴][۱۵][۱۶][۳][۱۷][۱۸][۱۹][۶][۷][۲۰][۲۱][۲۲][۲۳][۱][۴][۲۴][۲۵][۲][۲۶][۲۷]<ref name='Dokter_1975'>Dokter, Folkert; Steinhauer, Jürgen (1975) [1969]. "6.5.2 Bauformen digitaler Funktionsbausteine". Digitale Elektronik in der Meßtechnik und Datenverarbeitung: Theoretische Grundlagen und Schaltungstechnik. Philips Fachbücher (به آلمانی). Vol. I (improved and extended 5th ed.). Hamburg, Germany: Deutsche Philips GmbH. pp. 281–285. ISBN 3-87145-272-6. (xii+327+3 pages) (NB. The German edition of volume I was published in 1969, 1971, two editions in 1972, and 1975. Volume II was published in 1970, 1972, 1973, and 1975.)

برای مطالعهٔ بیشتر

  • Norbit-Bausteine (به آلمانی). Valvo GmbH. 1962. (43 pages) (NB. Also part of the Valvo-Handbuch 1962 pages 83–۱۲۵.)
  • Valvo-Handbuch Bausteine (به آلمانی) (1963 ed.). Hamburg, Germany: Valvo GmbH. 1963. (253 pages) (NB. Contains a chapter about Norbit modules as well.)
  • Norbit-S-Bausteine (به آلمانی) (1967/1968 ed.). Hamburg, Germany: Valvo GmbH. 1967. (25 pages)
  • Circuit Blocks 40-Series, NORBITS 60-Series, Input/Output Devices. Philips Product Data. Philips Electronic Components and Materials Division. September 1969. 9399 261 10501.
  • Grimley, Robert (2016) [2011]. "Mullard & CES - Mullard & Combined Electronic Services (CES)". Early Philips Colour TV. Archived from the original on 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-01-14.

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