یم
| یم | |
|---|---|
خدای دریا | |
| اوگاریتی | 𐎊𐎎 |
| مرکز فرهنگی غالب | اوگاریت [۱] |
| همتایان | |
| همتای هوری | کیاشه،[۲] هدامو[۳] |
| همتای یونانی | پونتوس[۴] |
یم (اوگاریتی: 𐎊؛ «دریا») خدای نماد دریا و سایر منابع آبی بود که در مناطق گوناگونی از ساحل شرقی دریای مدیترانه و همچنین در داخل سوریه مدرن پرستیده میشد.
متنهای اوگاریتی
یم بیشتر از طریق متنهای اوگاریتی شناخته میشود،[۱] گرچه او خدایی رده پایین در پانتئون اوگاریتی بود.[۴]
پانویس
- 1 2 Wilkinson 2003, p. 228.
- ↑ Tugendhaft 2011, p. 712.
- ↑ Dijkstra 2012, p. 65.
- 1 2 Niehr 2016, p. 143.
منابع
- Archi, Alfonso (2009). "Orality, Direct Speech and the Kumarbi Cycle". Altorientalische Forschungen. De Gruyter. 36 (2). doi:10.1524/aofo.2009.0012. ISSN 0232-8461.
- Archi, Alfonso (2015). Ebla and Its Archives. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9781614517887. ISBN 978-1-61451-716-0.
- Ayali-Darshan, Noga (2010). ""The Bride of the Sea". The Traditions About Astarte and Yamm in the Ancient Near East". In Horowitz, Wayne; Gabbay, Uri; Vukosavovic, Filip (eds.). A woman of valor: Jerusalem Ancient near Eastern studies in honor of Joan Goodnick Westenholz. Biblioteca Próximo Oriente Antiguo. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. ISBN 978-84-00-09182-8. Retrieved 2023-01-22.
- Ayali-Darshan, Noga (2015). "The Other Version of the Story of the Storm-god's Combat with the Sea in the Light of Egyptian, Ugaritic, and Hurro-Hittite Texts". Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions. Brill. 15 (1): 20–51. doi:10.1163/15692124-12341268. ISSN 1569-2116.
- Ayali-Darshan, Noga (2020). The Storm-God and the Sea: The Origin, Versions, and Diffusion of a Myth throughout the Ancient Near East. Orientalische Religionen in der Antike. J.C.B. Mohr Verlag. ISBN 978-3-16-155954-9. Retrieved 2023-01-23.
- Baumgarten, Albert I. (2015) [1981]. The Phoenician history of Philo of Byblos: a commentary. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-29568-1. OCLC 930925582.
- Benz, Brendon C. (2013). "Yamm as the Personification of Chaos? A Linguistic and Literary Argument for a Case of Mistaken Identity". In Scurlock, JoAnn; Beal, Richard H. (eds.). Creation and Chaos. A Reconsideration of Hermann Gunkel's Chaoskampf Hypothesis. Penn State University Press. pp. 127–145. doi:10.1515/9781575068657-011. ISBN 9781575068657.
- Bordreuil, Pierre; Pardee, Dennis (2009). A Manual of Ugaritic. Penn State University Press. doi:10.1515/9781575066523. ISBN 978-1-57506-652-3.
- Brody, Aaron J. (1998). "Each man cried out to his God": the specialized religion of Canaanite and Phoenician seafarers. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press. ISBN 978-90-04-36919-1. OCLC 647521654.
- Buck, Mary E. (2019). The Amorite Dynasty of Ugarit: Historical Implications of Linguistic and Archaeological Parallels. Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-41511-9. OCLC 1121126053.
- Charpin, Dominique (2021). "Akkadian and the Amorites". In Vita, Juan Pablo (ed.). History of the Akkadian Language (2 vols). Brill. pp. 1177–1212. doi:10.1163/9789004445215_018. ISBN 978-90-04-44521-5.
- Cho, Sang Youl (2013). Lesser Deities in the Ugaritic Texts and the Hebrew Bible. Gorgias Press. doi:10.31826/9781463214371. ISBN 978-1-4632-1437-1.
- del Olmo Lete, Gregorio; Sanmartin, Joaquín (2015). A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. Leiden, Netherlands; Boston, United States: Brill. ISBN 978-9-004-28865-2. Retrieved 2023-01-22.
- Dijkstra, Meindert (2012). "Ishtar seduces the Sea-serpent. A New Join in the Epic of Hedammu (KUB 36, 56+95) and its meaning for the battle between Baal and Yam in Ugaritic Tradition". Ugarit-Forschungen. Band 43. Münster: Ugarit Verlag. ISBN 3-86835-086-1. OCLC 1101929531.
- Fleming, Daniel E. (2000). Time at Emar: The Cultic Calendar and the Rituals from the Diviner's Archive. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 978-1-57506-044-6. Retrieved 2023-01-22.
- Foster, Benjamin R. (2005). Before the Muses: an Anthology of Akkadian Literature. Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press. ISBN 1-883053-76-5. OCLC 57123664.
- Hoch, James E. (1994). Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. Princeton University Press. doi:10.1515/9781400863884. ISBN 978-1-4008-6388-4.
- Huehnergard, John (2019) [1989]. The Akkadian of Ugarit. Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-38584-9. OCLC 1293261854.
- Kogan, Leonid; Krebernik, Manfred (2021). "Eblaite". In Vita, Juan Pablo (ed.). History of the Akkadian Language (2 vols). Brill. pp. 664–989. doi:10.1163/9789004445215_013. ISBN 978-90-04-44521-5.
- Krebernik, Manfred (2013). "Jenseitsvorstellungen in Ugarit". In Bukovec, Predrag; Kolkmann-Klamt, Barbara (eds.). Jenseitsvorstellungen im Orient (به آلمانی). Verlag Dr. Kovač. ISBN 978-3-8300-6940-9. OCLC 854347204.
- Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013). Babylonian Creation Myths. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-861-9. OCLC 861537250.
- Lewis, Theodore J. (2011). "ʿAthtartu's Incantations and the Use of Divine Names as Weapons". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. University of Chicago Press. 70 (2): 207–227. doi:10.1086/661117. ISSN 0022-2968.
- Niehr, Herbert (2016), "Yammu", Reallexikon der Assyriologie, retrieved 2023-01-22
- Pardee, Dennis (2002). Ritual and cult at Ugarit. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 978-90-04-12657-2. OCLC 558437302.
- Pitard, Wayne T. (1998). "The Binding of Yamm: A New Edition of the Ugaritic Text KTU 1.83". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. University of Chicago Press. 57 (4): 261–280. ISSN 0022-2968. JSTOR 545451. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- Rahmouni, Aicha (2008). Divine epithets in the Ugaritic alphabetic texts. Leiden Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-474-2300-3. OCLC 304341764.
- Rutherford, Ian (2001). "The Song of the Sea (SA A-AB-BA SIR3). Thoughts on KUB 45.63". Akten des IV. Internationalen Kongresses für Hethitologie: Würzburg, 4.-8. Oktober 1999. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-04485-3. OCLC 49721937.
- Schwemer, Daniel (2001). Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens im Zeitalter der Keilschriftkulturen: Materialien und Studien nach den schriftlichen Quellen (به آلمانی). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-04456-1. OCLC 48145544.
- Simpson, William Kelly; Ritner, Robert Kriech (2003). The literature of ancient Egypt: an anthology of stories, instructions, stelae, autobiographies, and poetry. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12856-7. OCLC 234083884.
- Smith, Mark S. (1994). The Ugaritic Baal cycle. Volume I. Introduction with Text, Translations and Commentary of KTU 1.1-1.2. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09995-1. OCLC 30914624.
- Smith, Mark (2014). "Athtart in Late Bronze Age Syrian Texts". Transformation of a goddess: Ishtar-Astarte-Aphrodite. Fribourg Göttingen: Academic Press Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-7278-1748-9. OCLC 881612038.
- Smith, Mark S.; Pitard, Wayne T. (2009). The Ugaritic Baal cycle. Volume II. Introduction with Text, Translations and Commentary of KTU 1.3-1.4. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09995-1. OCLC 30914624.
- Stolz, Fritz (1999), "Sea", in van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter W. (eds.), Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0-8028-2491-2, retrieved 2023-01-31
- Thames, John Tracy (2020). The politics of ritual change: the Zukru festival in the political history of late Bronze Age Emar. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-42911-5. OCLC 1157679792.
- Tugendhaft, Aaron (2011). "On ym and dA.AB.BA at Ugarit". Ugarit-Forschungen. Band 42. Münster: Ugarit Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86835-053-1. OCLC 1101873880.
- Tugendhaft, Aaron (2012). "Politics and Time in the Baal Cycle". Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions. Brill. 12 (2): 145–157. doi:10.1163/15692124-12341235. ISSN 1569-2116.
- Tugendhaft, Aaron (2013). "Babel-Bible-Baal". In Scurlock, JoAnn; Beal, Richard H. (eds.). Creation and Chaos. A Reconsideration of Hermann Gunkel's Chaoskampf Hypothesis. Penn State University Press. pp. 190–198. doi:10.1515/9781575068657-014. ISBN 9781575068657.
- van Soldt, Wilfred H. (2016). "Divinities in Personal Names at Ugarit, Ras Shamra". Etudes ougaritiques IV. Paris Leuven Walpole MA: Editions recherche sur les civilisations, Peeters. ISBN 978-90-429-3439-9. OCLC 51010262.
- Wiggins, Steve A. (1996). "Shapsh, Lamp of the Gods". In Gibson, John C. L.; Wyatt, Nicolas; Watson, Wilfred G. E.; Lloyd, J. B. (eds.). Ugarit, religion and culture. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag. ISBN 3-927120-37-5. OCLC 36056389.
- Wiggins, Steve A. (2003). "Pidray, Tallay and Arsay in the Baal Cycle". Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages. 29 (2).
- Wiggins, Steve (2007). A reassessment of Asherah: with further considerations of the goddess. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-59333-717-9. OCLC 171049273.
- Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. The Complete Series. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05120-7.